Caring for a Senior Dog or Cat
In this guide
Pets are generally considered senior from around seven to ten years old, depending on size and species — large dogs age faster than small dogs and cats. Ageing brings changes to joints, senses, organs, and behaviour.
Many of these changes can be managed, and some signs owners put down to old age are treatable conditions.
More frequent check-ups
Many vets recommend check-ups every six months for older pets. Blood and urine tests can detect conditions such as kidney disease, diabetes, and thyroid problems before symptoms appear, when treatment is often most effective.
Signs not to dismiss as old age
- Drinking or urinating more
- Weight loss, or weight gain without diet changes
- Stiffness, limping, or reluctance to jump or use stairs
- Bad breath or difficulty eating
- Confusion, night-time restlessness, or getting stuck in corners
- Lumps and bumps that are new or changing
Joint comfort
Arthritis is very common in older pets, and cats especially hide it well. Signs include stiffness after rest and reluctance to jump. Your vet can recommend pain relief, weight management, and supplements. At home, offer soft, supportive beds, ramps or steps to favourite spots, and non-slip rugs on hard floors.
Diet
Older pets may need fewer calories if they are less active, or more if they are losing weight. Senior diets can help, but there is no single right answer — ask your vet. Keep fresh water easily available.
Exercise and enrichment
Keep pets moving with shorter, more frequent walks and gentle play. Mental stimulation, such as scent games, food puzzles, and short training sessions, helps keep older brains active.
Adjust the home
- Place litter trays with low sides on each floor for older cats
- Raise food and water bowls for dogs with neck or back stiffness
- Keep routines predictable for pets with fading sight or hearing
- Provide warm, draught-free sleeping spots
Quality of life
As pets age, it helps to monitor quality of life: appetite, mobility, comfort, interest in surroundings, and good days versus bad days. Your vet can talk you through options and help you plan for the end of life when the time comes.
This is general pet-care information, not veterinary advice. Every animal is different — if you are worried about your pet's health or behaviour, contact your veterinarian. In an emergency or a suspected poisoning, call your vet or an animal poison-control line immediately.